BMW and UN Global Compact Principles Case Study - 4

BMW and UN Global Compact Principles - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the long experience and exposure of manufacturing such a high quality product has earned a respectable status for us in comparison with the several competitor automobile manufacturing corporations, on the foundations of which our company is in a position to make suggestions and recommendations to the Local Network regarding the strict observing of the UN Global Compact principles while exercising corporate strategies and observing business activitiesJohnson & Scholes suggest that strategy formulation might apparently be obtained through the analysis of the organization’s environment and the extent to which the company’s resources or strategic capability are matched with the environment. (1993: 156). Our company looks for the unconditional observing of moral values and corporate ethics on the basis of Global Compact principles in order to provide the consumers the superior commodities on the one hand and best and healthy com petitive corporate environment on the other. Columbia University Press views that corporate ethics have developed as people have reflected on the intentions and consequences of their acts. From this reflection on the nature of human behavior, theories of conscience have developed, giving direction too much ethical thinking. (cup.edu.com) BMW Automobile has devised the slogan of â€Å"sheer driving pleasure† because of its unique outlook, comfortable inside accessories and unparalleled garnishing, which have won the status of one of the most demanded automobiles by the elite stratum of all countries. Bidgoli argues that international markets offer vast opportunities for firms with a product or service in high demand. Newness, cultural adaptation, attractiveness, and appropriate marketing strategies can help tremendously.† (2009, 9) The same is applied to BMW, which adopt all schemes in light of all the ten UN corporate principles. The present paper focuses on Principles No. 7 & 8, recommended by the UN Global Compact, which state: (7). Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges; (8). Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility. (unglobalcompact.org) BMW fulfills both of them in their real sense. BMW adopts the Evolutionary corporate perspective articulated by Whittington. The process vehemently looks for the gradual human growth on the basis of Darwinian biological evolution theory â€Å"Survival of the Fittest†, where the notion warns the companies regarding the existence of perfect competition prevailing in the market; only those can survive who are the fittest according to the changing scenario and latest developments being made within the environment. In other words, the industries that are environmental-friendly as well as able enough to mold their strategies according to the alterations being made in the commercial environment, make sure headway on the way to progress. Recom mendations: i) Establishment of Corporate Environment with an Evolutionary Perspective: Benefits & Implications: a. Automobile community can assure its survival provided it sticks to the Darwinian doctrine of adaptability according to the changes within the environment. The companies should be encouraged to devise and revise their strategies keeping in view the global market scenario. b. Our company’s plans and schemes show the light of hope to the network members, where they learn the implementation of dichotomous business policies by cut-short of expenditures and price of product subsequently to make it affordable for consumers.  

Bringing Adam Home Essay Example for Free

Bringing Adam Home Essay Bringing Adam Home review examines the story of the decades-long investigation into the abduction and murder of 6-year-old Adam Walsh. The police investigation took 27 years to prove guilt of the serial killer, Ottis Toole, who made multiple confessions to the murder. The book is written by the experienced detective writer Les Standiford with the help of the retired detective Joe Matthews, who finally found evidence of Toole’s committing the murder 27 years afterwards. The case of Adam Walsh has influenced the American society in the way that legislatures were made protecting children, and practices were adopted helping find missing and potentially abducted children. Key words: abduction, evidence, investigation, kidnapping, murder. Bringing Adam Home Book Review Standiford, L., Matthews, J. (2011).Bringing Adam home: The abduction that changed America. New York, NY: Harper Collins. ISBN:9780061983900. Bringing Adam Home is the story of the decades-long investigation into the abduction and murder of 6-year-old Adam Walsh who missed from a local Sears in Hollywood, Florida, on July 27, 1981. The police investigation took 27 years to prove guilt of the serial killer, Ottis Toole, who made multiple confessions to the murder – yet the Hollywood, FL, police department did not believe him and failed to use any of evidences that had been found. The abduction of Adam Walshblew people’s minds and undermined their sense of protection. The American society has never been the same ever since – parents did not let their kids play alone outside, nor did their ever say ‘Be home by dark’; a child could be left nowhere unsupervised. It was Adam’s family bad luck that at that time, there were no Amber Alerts and no national data base for crimes against children. Adam’s parents, John and  Revà © Walsh, bent backwards to change the situation. They became renowned crime fighters, propelled the passage of the 1982 Missing Children Act, and John Walsh became a host of the television program America’s Most Wanted (Standiford2011). Adam Walsh’s kidnapping was not only the most important casein American history of missing children that changed the corresponding legislature but also the most famous one. Many people still remember themselves being kids and watching it on the news (Martin, 2011). However, the details of the case are not as well-known as they should be; given the coverage in the media.The more emotional side of the story, through the eyes of the Walsh family, is rendered in Tears of Ragewritten by John Walsh (Scott, 2011). The puzzle of the botched investigation that ran over almost three decades was solved by the retired Miami detective Joe Matthews and written down by the acclaimed writer Les Standiford, the au thor of 9 fiction novels and 6 non-fiction books (Standiford, 2001). The authors open their cards in the very beginning of the book and introduce the killer, Ottis Toole, right in the second chapter. Toole was a low IQ drifter who set fires and assaulted people to relieve his psychological pressure. From chapter 2 to 4, the authorsgive a detailed recount of the work of Hollywood detective Hoffman who could not organize his work so not to lose important clues and evidence and who was not very keen on the idea that Toole was the killer. According toMatthews, Hoffman is portrayed as a moody and self-contained investigator who â€Å"looked like a guy who disapproved of most things on general principle† (Standiford, 2001). Apart from disregarded leads and lost evidences, Hoffman also treated Adam’s parents carelessly not bothering to inform them that their friend Jimmy Campbell, who was prime suspect, had been cleared. For many years John and Revà ©Walsh received no information from the police as for the investigation of their son’s murder. Matthews felt that it was extremely insensitive on the part of Hoffman. Together with undeveloped enough forensic methods, the case of Adam Walsh advanced by imperceptible pace. As Reve Walsh put it: It was a sad thing for this country that the fight had to be led by two broken-down parents of a murdered child(Standiford, 2001). The authors underscore that it could not be said that the Hollywood department was incompetent. Rather that the case was too difficult, and Detective Hoffman turned out to be too snobbish not only to ask for help but also to accept help from Joe Matthews when he  offered it not once. Hoffman was â€Å"too unstructured and ill-equipped† for such mind-bogging case (Standiford, 2001).Det. Serg. Matthews was a lie detector expert and an experiences homicide detective and, being hired by the Hollywood, Fl, Police Department, he was very interested by the case and was ready to use his knowledge to solve the case. Among other things, the difference in approaches of two detectives was that Hoffman was obsessed with finding physical evidences linking Toole to the Adam’s murder; while Matthews believed that circumstantial evidence could make do in some cases. That meticulous recount of all glaring mistakes of the Hollywood, Fl, police department and the detailed description of their daily working life had its aim in showing that detectives’ work is far from the glamorized TV series. Doing on a daily basis such boring chores as searching for a person who moved and did not leave the new address, or surveilling a suspect for many days, exhaust detectives, and the not very dedicated ones â€Å"let things slide† (Standiford, 2011).Standiford and Matthews seem to mention every lead that was not followed, and every report that was incomplete or even falsified. Matthews blames the manner of interrogation when the suspect was let speak without asking necessary questions, and he found the witness who was consistently ignored by Hoffman. The most shocking omission, the reader may consider, was the neglect of the repeated confessions by Toole with a graphic description of the whole process of abduction, murdering, sodomizing, and decapitating of Adam Walsh and the subsequent dismembering and setting ablaze his body. Toole even gave a sensational interview to Jacksonville Times Union where he repeated his confession to the murder of Adam Walsh (Standiford, 2011). Chapters 5 to 6 focus on Matthews’s account of how he proceeded with the investigation. It became possible only after Hoffman was transferred to the Patrol Division in 1994 (Standiford, 2011). Matthews spent two years and nine months reviewing the case and adding new materials. In the end,Matthews had multiple eyewitness identification of Toole taking Adam from Sears, twenty-five independent confessions to the crime made by Ottis Toole, and most important of all – missed by previous investigators – luminal images of machete and luminal outline of a child’s face on the carpet of Toole’s Cadillac. It finally proved Ottis Toole to be the man who committed the crime. The first part of the book does not make an easy reading. When Toole gives his numerous confessions to various  detectives all the same details of the murder, rape, and dismembering are repeated ad nauseam, without adding anything new. Because of it, for those readers who like genuine crime stories, the book may seem quite slow. Standiford and Matthews were extremely repetitive in details of the crime itself, its prolonged investigation, the history behind the suspects, and descriptions of Toole’s perversions. However, the authors rather had in mind to show how the process of investigation can be dragged for years due to the inability of the police to find hard evidence for the already confessed crime. Standiford, who is an experienced detective writer with a number of narrative non-fiction stories under his belt, narrates dryly and matter-of-factly, which contributes to the authentic feel of the blood-chil ling story. Despite waving their incompetence, Matthews provides a scrupulous evidence of the Hollywood, Fla., police department’s negligence, thus making it difficult to believe that behind such an undisciplined behavior may be anything other than a conspiracy to cover up its incompetence. The authors’aim seems to lay in proving two points. Firstly, the case could have been solved within two years, when Ottis Toole was arrested for arson and confessed repeatedly to the murder of Adam Walsh saying that he was â€Å"very, very sorry that he did it† (Standiford, 2011). Secondly, the police department of Hollywood, FL, had a chance to solve the case quickly, had they let do it to Det. Serg. Matthews. Bringing Adam Home is a gruesome story of justice finally served two decades too late. By that time, though, Ottis Toole had died in prison. And our society has changed. Now kids are warned about strangers. No one leaves their kids in the toy area and goes shopping anymore. Lawenforcement has transformed its practices to better protect children. Public places have adopted Code Adam, a powerful search tool for lost and potentially kidnapped children (Code Adam, n.d.). Code Adam is a predecessor to Amber Alert, a network of notifications to the public through urgent bulletins on television and radio. References Code Adam.(n.d.). The National center for missing exploited children. Retrieved from http://www.missingkids.com/CodeAdam Martin, C. (2011, February 09). Book Review Bringing Adam home by Les Standiford[Web log post].Retrieved fromhttp://www.chaoticcompendiums.com/2011/02/book-review-bringing-adam-home-by-les.html Scott, M. (2011, February 26). Bringing Adam home offers strong proof in the 1981 murder of Adam Walsh. Cleveland.com. Retrieved fromhttp://www.cleveland.com/books/index.ssf/2011/02/bringing_adam_home_offers_stro.html Standiford, L. (2001). Biography[Web log post].Retrieved from http://www.les-standiford.com/Pages/Biography.html Standiford, L., Matthews, J. (2011).Bringing Adam home: The abduction that changed America. New York, NY: Harper Collins. E-book

Case study: ANXIETY DISORDER

Case study: ANXIETY DISORDER Feeling anxious is a normal part of our life. We all feel anxious every now and then, at one time or another. For example, having to present a project in front of a class, having dinner for the first time with the in-laws, or expecting a baby may make anyone feel anxious. Its perfectly okay. It is when the anxiety is persistent, unexplainable, and intense that it interferes with an individual from having a normal day and disrupts ones life goals, then it becomes a disorder. Its when the autonomic nervous system is stimulated (Warren and Zgourides, 164). It is when a person worry so much that its difficult on ones concentration because the focus goes from worrying about one thing to worrying about another thing (Myers, 462). To protect themselves from the anxiety, the people then builds up mechanisms for avoidance by thinking of the things over and over, or perform a ritual. According to Sherman, environmental conditions, and psychological is a factor combinations that include social and genetic disposition, (Widerhold, 31). Somatic symptoms of an anxiety disorder are dizziness, insomnia, weakness, fatigue, dry mouth, palpitations, diarrhea, nausea, hyperventilation, chest pain, rapid heart rate, paresthesias, restlessness, and frequent urinating (Widerhold, 33). Anxiety disorder is an exaggerated and excessive feeling of worry. (Warren and Zgourides, 164). The worries are often unrealistic and unreasonable. The person often worries about family, money, health, or work excessively (p165). It really is an unpleasant feeling. High level of an anxiety disorder leads to hypertension, fatal heart attack, coronary heart disease, and a risk of myocardial infarction. In addition, there is a correlation between sudden death on heart attack and high anxiety. (Widerhold, 33). Anxiety disorder is considered the one with the biggest health problem in the United State (Winning Ghinassi, 7). People in the United States who suffered from an anxiety disorder at one point in their life are about 60 million and counting (Winning Ghinnassi, 7). Two-thirds of women have an anxiety disorder (Myers, 462). Groups that are in lower socioeconomic, divorced or separated women, who are below the age of 45 have the largest incidence of the illness (Widerhold, 4). According to Sherman, ones who had suffered with an anxiety disorder have had abdominal pain, insomnia, or chest pain by 33%. As well as joint or limb pain, fatigue, or headache (Widerhold, 4). Treatments for an anxiety disorder are exposure, role-play or modeling, which are behavioral. Thought stopping/recording, mental distraction, psychodynamic, medication, biofeedback, and family therapy are all cognitive, which is also another type of treatment, according to Goisman (p5). According to Moffitt, children who were inhibited and maltreated often develop an anxiety disorder when they get older. However, the anxiety disorder becomes rare by the age of 50. Emotions tend to mellow as years passes according to Rubio and Lopez-Ibor. (Myers, 462). According to Sigmund Freud, there are two types of anxiety disorders: anxiety hysteria and anxiety neurosis. The difference between the two is that the cause of anxiety hysteria is psychogenic, and the cause of anxiety neurosis isnt psychogenic. Anxiety neurosis is extremely painful from the start, which is also known as panic attack or panic anxiety. And there is free-floating anxiety, which is when the anxiety happens slowly (Wolfe, 15). Moreover, phobic reaction and anxiety reaction are the two disorders of the anxiety hysteria and anxiety neurosis (Wolfe, 18). Phobic neurosis means phobic reaction, which is an extreme fear of a situation or of an object (p18). Agoraphobia, an irrational fear of open spaces or public is a type of a phobic disorder (p18). On the other hand, panic disorder is a state of an anxiety (p18). Panic attacks, anticipatory anxiety, and phobic avoidance behavior are what behavioral theorists consider as what agoraphobia consist of. Anticipatory anxiety and phobic avoidance are the main focus of behavioral theorists over panic attacks when treating an individual. It was discovered that panic attacks were able to block off without affecting generalized anxiety by antidepressant migraine (Wolfe, 18). Furthermore, other types of anxiety disorders are obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (Wininning Ghinassi, 7). Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a repetitive thoughts and actions (Myers, 463). Phobia is an irrational persistent fear and avoids certain object, situation, or activity (p462). Post-traumatic stress disorder is when a person is haunted by memories and has nightmares after a traumatic experience (p464). The common treatment for an anxiety disorder is pharmacological. But cognitive therapy, medication, behavioral therapy or a combination of them are the most effective treatment for an anxiety disorder. Prozac, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor is the most common choice because its not that addictive. Also, it has only a few of side effects. An anxiety may not be completely be eliminated by medication, but it reduces the anxietys level of intensity (Widerhold, 38) Furthermore, beta blockers, anticonvulsants, such as gabapentin, antipsychotic, anxiolytics, such as benzodiazepines and azapirones are the other effective medications (Winning Ghinassi, 98). Theyre just as effective as antidepressants, such as serotonin-norephinphrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), SSRIs and retricyclics. In addition, the new miracle drug is Prozac. Prozac also helps patients deal with lifes stresses aside from treating depressive and anxiety disorders. It has become more popular than Valium. Then theres also Paxil, but it has an unpleasant withdrawal syndrome (p99). Clearly, it takes more than willpower of an individual to overcome an anxiety disorder. Also, understanding of anxiety disorder has progressed throughout the years and has led to more options for effective treatment, as well as for comprehensive assessment. Why is intellectual property important? Why is intellectual property important? Intellectual property (IP) refers to a number of distinct types of legal monopolies over creations, both artistic and commercial, and to corresponding fields  of law and other types of rights that the law gives for the protection of investment in creative effort and knowledge creation.  Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights and trade secrets in some jurisdictions are some common types of intellectual property. Although, there have been several evolution of many of the legal principles governing intellectual property over centuries, it was only in the 19th century that the term intellectual property began to be used, and became a commonplace in the late 20th century in the United States. The Origin of copyright and patent law originate from The British Statute of Anne 1710 and the Statute of monopolies 1623 respectively.   However, intellectual property rights differ in one fundamental respect. The intangible, abstract objects constituting intellectual property have no natural, self-defining boundaries like physical objects do. In fact, they do not even exist until they are created by explicit definition and designation. For this reason, in addition to general property legislation, IPRs are covered by specific legal systems, and most forms of IPR require a specific registration procedure. Applications need to be made and examined by specialists in order for an IPR to be established. Frequently, the exact boundaries of an IPR subsequently become the subject of litigation between the holder and holders of related IPRs. In short, the transaction costs of acquiring and holding IPRs are much higher than for ordinary physical property. While the subject matter of intellectual property is intangible objects such as information, knowledge or ideas, intellectual property rights are expressed in practice as righ ts over the tangible products resulting from those intangible objects. For example, an industrial patent confers the exclusive right to manufacture the protected product or use the protected process, and copyright the exclusive right to perform the protected work of art or multiply it in the form of books, compact discs, etc. 1.2 TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPRETY RIGHTS The main categories of intellectual property rights are: Patents: As the strongest form of IPR, patents are awarded subject to a thorough examination procedure. They confer a very high level of exclusive rights over an invention for a period of 20 years from the date of the application. Any use of the patented matter, except strictly private use, requires permission (license) from the owner. To receive a patent, an invention must fulfill three main criteria: novelty, non-obviousness (inventive step) and industrial applicability (usefulness). A detailed description of the invention must be submitted, which becomes public after the grant of the patent. Copyrights: As the name implies, and in contrast to patents, copyrights do not protect the intellectual content itself, only the reproduction of that content in tangible form. Copyright is granted without any registration or application procedure to authors of original works, and also to computer software and databases. A copyright holder cannot prevent others from using the copyrighted material in development of other original works, as long as it is not directly copied. The period of protection is normally  granted by adding 50 years to the life of the author, or 50 years  only when the author is a corporate body. Trademarks: Names, signs and symbols used to identify goods or services can be registered as trademarks. There is no limit to the period of protection  given the trademark continues to be used. Trade secrets: The right to keep trade secrets (confidential business information, undisclosed information) is protected through civil and/or criminal law. In the nature of the case, there is no registration procedure, nor is there any exclusive right guaranteed. Industrial designs: The form of an industrial product can be protected. Exact requirements for protection vary widely between countries. Layout designs (topographies) of integrated circuits: A recently created Sui generis2 IPR similar to copyright, although with much shorter term of protection, typically 10 years. Only the right to reproduction and distribution is protected, not use in further research and development. Plant breeders right: A Sui generis IPR specifically created to protect new plant varieties. Varieties can be registered provided they are new, stable, homogenous and distinguishable. Protection is similar to a copyright in that it protects the rights to sell and distribute propagating material, while use of the protected variety in further breeding and development is not restricted. The term of protection is comparable to that for patents, around 20 years. Geographical indications: Typically used for food products and in particular for wines and spirits, these are signs or names which  indicate that a product or service originates from a particular  geographical location. Utility model: Sometimes referred to as petty patents, this more unusual form of IPR provides protection for models and designs. Although there are normally requirements for novelty and inventive step, these are less strict than for patents, and examination is simpler or sometimes nonexistent. The term of protection is correspondingly shorter, typically less than 10 years. Expanding IPRs in Developing countries is still a major concern for policy makers and a constant topic of discussion and debate among the civil society. There is considerable speculation on the impact that expansion in IPRs will have on Research Development, technology transfer, and economic development in developing countries. 2.1 DEFINING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Developing countries  a term referring a nation with a low level of material well being. There is no one single agreed upon internationally-recognized definition of developed country, where the levels of development may vary widely within some developing countries, which result in some developing countries having high average standards of living.   Some international organizations like  the World Bank strictly use   numerical classifications. The World Bank considers all low- and middle- income countries as developing. In its most recent classification, economies were divided using 2008 Gross National Income per capita. In 2008, countries with GNI per capita below US$11,905 were considered as developing countries. While other institutions use less specific definitions. Newly industrialised countries are those countries with a more advanced economy than other developing nations, but which have not yet completely demonstrated the signs of  developed country. Therefore,it seems quite difficult to get an exact definition for developing nations. The characteristics of developing countries can vary from one person or organization to another.  The World Trade Organization (WTO), for example, recognizes some nations as developing countries but mainly allows the members to classify themselves. Therefore for each, the standards and definition could differ. Generally, everyone agrees that developing countries are poor. But what is the meaning of poor? The range of poverty found  greatly varies in developing nations. A person from one developing country may travel to another which seems richer and may not realize that the two nations carry the same status. This reveals a common misconception; which is ,people believe that in developing nations everyone is poor. In almost every developing country, we can find wealth and luxury. However, these wealth and luxury is usually concentrated only among a small portion of the population, thus, the majority of the people are usually poor. The lack of income, skills and knowledge often affect the source of revenue and standard of living of the average citizens; Leaving large portions of the population, without water or electricity in their homes, and limited access to quality medical care. There may be inadequate military resources to protect the population during times of attack or unrest. Developing countries generally suffer from inadequate social services programs, if they have them at all. For that reason, it is common to find aid groups active in developing countries which provide the citizens with items, such as food, medicine, and education, which would be inaccessible to them otherwise. Other aid groups work is to  protect human rights, which are commonly violated. In the following sections, we present a conceptual analysis of the issues, challenges and options faced by developing countries in expanding their IPR framework. For a long time, Developing countries have been facing demand from developed nations to implement intellectual property rights. The main concern by the developed countries was to protect the inventions or innovations in the developing countries from the dishonest replication and copying. The debate among both developed and developing nations is getting more prevailing since the last two decades. The protection for the innovation has been extended from innovation to discovery, from mechanical devices to living organisms (Bystrà ¶m et al., 1999; chakravathi,1999); from privately funded research and development to publicly funded scientific and technological results; from information technology to information about scientific information (David, 2000); from industrial products and technological processes to services,financial and administrative methods (Lerner, 2000) and from `brick to `click trademarks (Bubert and B ning, 2001).However the emerging countries are divided on the basi s of their economic situation, foreign direct investment and technological sophistication.  The concern for the developing countries is the economic implications for the execution of such intellectual property regimes in their respective countries. The case can be even more harsh for the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), where intellectual property rights are seen as the driver for the high technology cost, difficulties to access technology by the public. On the other hand, higher technology transfer with foreign direct investment may somehow excuse such establishment. However such `lucrative offers in exchange for intellectual property rights in the developing countries, are according to some developing countries, in view of the developed nations benefits and not to raise the economic conditions of those developing countries from their present states. The debate for the introduction of `proper intellectual property rights in the developed countries is motivated since the modern c ountries faced a menace to their innovative technological and non-technological inventions and their commercialization in the emergent countries. Until now, several measures, particularly led by the United States have  indeed  enforced the implementation of intellectual property rights in the developing countries, specifically backed by the strong business communities in the United States. 3.1 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Intellectual Property Rights are among those sensitive areas for developing countries whose correct execution and timing could boost the socio-economical situation of the developing countries. However, debates on the policies on intellectual property rights in the developing country have followed a pendulum like movement (Forero-Pineda, 2006). United Nations took the responsibility to highlight the importance of technology in trade and development, cooperated by independent economists from developing countries. The main dispute was the problem of monopoly and oligopoly in the technology markets thus preventing developing countries from having fair access to technology (Cruz, 1998) and its associated benefits. Penrose in 1951 also stressed that it is virtually inevitable for the developing countries to benefit from the strong intellectual property rights owned by  inventors  in the urbanized countries. From global welfare perspective, arguments on the fact that developing countrie s having weaker intellectual property necessarily means that  inventors  in industrialised countries would lose is not true, however only the relative economic benefits associated with such inventions could be less. From the years 1950s to 1980s, developing countries were able to abstain from the implementation of intellectual property rights, maintaining a special status in the IPR system (David, 1993, p.19). Regional trading blocs like Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA), the Andean Pact, and other pacts among the developing countries pursued the common system of intellectual property rights. In 1970, India was the first developing country to adopt a patent law with substantial restrictions on the patent holders (SUNS/IPS, 1995)3.  Raghavan in 2001 argued that the choice of process patents rather than product patents allowed local production of imported products given that the use of a different process was demonstrated. Such legislation in India had the biggest impact on its pharmaceutical industry, making it one of most competitive in pharmaceutical research and development. Those practices were carried out in Brazil and Argentina which set up their own national offices which wer e charge of controlling technology transfer and contracting. Yet those practices and initiatives could not pilot a consolidated intellectual property and technology transfer offices, in lines to the European countries (Cruz, 1998).  In the mid 1980s, a shift in this scenario began to occur on the United States Government initiative. Responding to the concerns of the US based firms, and in context to the agreements with advanced countries, David, in the year 1993, concluded that US followed `a direct, unilateral course of action, instead of renegotiating the international intellectual property rights agreements i.e., Paris or Bern Conventions. Such type of intellectual property regulation was further enacted in Uruguay round of 1990s negotiations, as part of conditions to join the World Trade  Organization. In developing countries, the terms of the debate changed beyond what could be expected; Local interests in support of enforcing stronger intellectual property protection had emerged, together with the commercialization of imported goods and with the development of local technology. Products such as software, video films and music are easier to copy than traditional industrial products are to copy. For this reason, copyrights have been the focal point of debate for less developed countries, whereas in newly industrialized countries, both in Asia and Latin America, patents and trademarks are issues. Passing from 1970s and 1980s, very recently the debate for introduction of intellectual property rights in different systems within different regions of developing countries have spurred. The main concern, as obvious was raised by the highly influential business lobbies and association in most the developed nations, led by United States. As discussed earlier, United States rebound to the similar kind of strategy by offering market access, technology transfers and foreign direct investments in the (developing) countries, which will successfully implement the intellectual property regimes. Somehow, this was and still a very lucrative incentive for the developing countries, which would definitely raise their present economical conditions, however the policy makers in these countries have different perspective. The  u-turn in the developed countries strategy is to position differently the impact of implementation of intellectual property protection in developing countries, as it was do ne in negotiations at Doha Round of the WTO on  the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The  Doha Round of discussion was meant to exclude the development related IPR issues as the cost of medicines, agricultural products, bio-diversity or genetic materials (Lall, 2003). Doha Declaration classified the countries based on their domestic technological imports, research and development and their innovation system. 4.1 IPR IS IT A BENEFIT OR A DETRIMENT  FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES? According to World Bank Global Economic Perspective, there are certain specific reasons for developed countries, and interestingly for the developing countries to follow the TRIPS agreement, i.e., it may provide developing countries better access to agricultural and apparel markets in rich nations, an expectation that stronger IPRs would also encourage additional technology transfer and innovation.   However, according to World Bank,  the promise for long-term benefits seems uncertain and costly to achieve in many nations, especially the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). In addition, the administrative costs and problems with higher prices for medicines and key technological inputs loom large in minds of policy makers in developing countries. Many are pushing for significant provisions in the agreement. Certain developing countries also applied for the provisions in implementation for the patent protection, particularly in pharmaceutical industry. Certainly there are specific short-term costs associated with intellectual property rights for the developing countries, like higher prices for the technology and protected products. Given this, the case for stronger intellectual property rights in these countries must rest on long term benefits like larger technology or foreign direct investment inflows and stronger stimuli to local innovation. This  would be an economic case only if the present value of these benefits is more than the present value of these costs. Given the mechanics of the compound interest, this means that the long-term benefits would have to be very large indeed, particularly if they accrue after some time. Some countries have also agreed to support TRIPS in return for the concessions in other (non technological) spheres of economic activity, such as larger aid, freer access to developed country markets for primary exports and so on. Whether they actually benefited in these ways remains an open question, since neither the costs nor the benefits of TRIPS related concessions have been properly measured. However the discussion might be fruitful, if the implementation of intellectual property rights are associated with the state of economy of the country in which it is being implemented, for instance in the case of developing countries. One main fact regarding the IPR is the certainness of the benefits to developed countries by implementing the intellectual property rights in developing countries. Nevertheless such implementation would also stimulate the local innovation in the developing countries, allowing them to import the foreign technologies and have hands-on experience in learning and using the technologies. The state in which  present developing countries is analogy of the state in which the developed countries were in the era of their industrialization, by having weak intellectual property rights, to promote, build and foster the development of local firms and industries. Theory also suggests that the benefits of IPRs rise with income and that at very low levels the costs o f strengthening IPRs may well outweigh the gains. In a world where  so many industrial country firms are acquiring strong  intellectual property rights, often covering fundamental research tools (e.g., tools used for genetic transformation) and marketable products, it is becoming difficult for developing countries to play isolationist and ignore IPR policies. Given the concerns highlighted in the previous sections, the challenge for policy makers in developing countries is to strike a balance between their need to access modern technologies and developed countries need to access the markets and biodiversity. Policy makers in developing countries need to also ensure that the Research and Development sector serves the country well and safeguard the interests of local companies Scope of protection Policy makers face the difficult task of defining the scope and breadth of protection (within the minimum standards framework defined by WTO) so as to maximize social welfare and to achieve certain distributional objectives. Too weak protection may lead firms to invest less than socially desirable in the creation of new knowledge. Overly stringent protection may lead to wasteful research spending as firms compete to be first to innovate, which may make public research more socially desirable than private Research Development. Only rarely will a single level of protection for all technologies or sectors maximize domestic welfare as the trade-off between the economic benefits of innovation and imitation will depend upon the sector involved. Complying with various international treaties. Developing countries are under pressures of not only the TRIPS Agreement but also other international treaties and conventions such as CBD, which have conflicting requirements in terms of protecting a countrys natural resources and intellectual property. The laws and regulations for intellectual property protection in developing countries have to meet the international standards and practices specified in the TRIPS Agreement and, the CBD (if they are members of both treaties). If they chose to join UPOV they will also be bound to accept the requirements of the UPOV Convention. Social and Administrative costs. IPRs may have social costs if the granting of temporary monopolies, lead to excessive rent seeking by firms. To minimize these social costs, governments will need to ensure competition from both private and public sector. The public sector may have to play an important role in continuing research in traditional crops and technologies and strengthening capacity in modern biotechnology research.   Legislation without implementation is of little value; and implementing the IPR system involves a number of administrative and institutional costs to the society. These include the costs involved in developing the appropriate laws and enforcement mechanisms within each country. Patent examiners need special training to deal with biotechnological applications or countries need to hire new examiners with degrees in biology and biotechnology. For PVP, an appropriate administrative system must be established. WIPO and UPOV operate training schemes for developing countries and provide assistance to those seeking to implement the TRIPS Agreement. Empirical evidence suggests that these direct costs to the society could be particularly large in a developing country. Enforcement legislation.   TRIPS is the first agreement in the IPR field to create direct obligations to enforce the protection granted. It sets standards both for civil and criminal law. In the fields of copyrights and trademarks, it also requires that customs authorities assist right holders in preventing trade with counterfeited or pirated goods. For most developing countries, there will be a need both for new legislation and perhaps even more for strengthening capacity in the judiciary, in customs, and in the police force. Particularly in countries where illegal trade in copyrighted or trademarked goods is widespread, this may be a major implication of TRIPS. Infrastructure and human capacity. In many cases, TRIPS will entail a considerable need for investment in infrastructure and human capacity. New forms of IPR, as well as expansion of existing systems to new fields of protection, will require increased numbers of staff, better training, and new computer and administrative systems. The expansion of IPRs to living organisms will require access to systems for deposition of biological material and facilities for identification of plant varieties, both entirely new branches of activity for most developing country IPR administrations. Costs of implementation. Apparently, no attempts at estimating the costs of TRIPS implementation were made prior to the finalization of the agreement. Some rough estimates done later by UNCTAD and the World Bank (UNCTAD 1996, Finger Schuler 1999) have not yielded reliable figures but indicate that the costs may be substantial, in the magnitude of 10 or more million dollars per country. Costs can be expected to be relatively higher in less developed countries, because they start from a lower level of IPR legislation. It is likely that in many developing countries, much of this cost will need to be covered by development assistance funds, at least the initial investment in new legislation, infrastructure and human capacity. At any rate, especially in LDCs, TRIPS implementation will directly compete for resources with other development needs. However, IPRs can also be beneficial to Developing countries.It is widely assumed, especially at the policy level in developed countries, that strengthened IPR protection will generate economic benefits for developing countries. It has also been argued that this will more than offset the cost of TRIPS implementation. In particular, the importance of strong IPRs for attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) is routinely cited as a key mechanism to this effect. The scientific literature is however inconclusive on this point. There are studies which demonstrate some correlation. But there are also studies which document substantial increases in FDI despite weak IPR protection (Kirim 1985, cited in South Centre 1997), and studies which show little correlation between strengthened IPR protection and changes in FDI. The provisional scientific consensus appears to be that the level of IPR protection most likely is one factor influencing FDI decisions, but far from the only one and not usually the decisive one. With standardization of IPR protection under TRIPS, differences in this respect will no longer exist and other factors will decide FDI choices. Moreover, it has been argued that the TRIPS agreement may also lead to reductions in the flow of FDI (South Centre, 1997); with stronger IP protection, the risk of imitation will be lower and title-holders may prefer export of products rather than local production in export market countries. It has also been pointed out that any benefits will likely be concentrated in NICs, while LDCs and other countries at the opposite end of the development scale will risk net costs even over the longer term (UNCTAD 1996). Strictly speaking, however, even if economic benefits from strengthened IPR protection could be conclusively demonstrated, they would not be benefits of TRIPS implementation, but of IPR implementation. Also before TRIPS, developing countries were free to implement TRIPS levels of IPR protection, or indeed higher levels, if they saw fit. None of the potential benefits of IPRs depend on the existence of TRIPS. What would need to be demonstrated are benefits of having mandatory minimum standards of IPR protection, which is the only new contribution of TRIPS. These administrative costs may only be partially borne by governments.Patent and trademark offices can be self-financing operations through the levies from application and renewal fees. A careful balance has to be struck, however, between generating revenues for the administrative office and keeping fees sufficiently low so as not to exclude small-scale inventors from the IPR system. An alternative to reduce administrative costs is to contract researchers at universities and other institutions to provide technical reports (the cost of which should be borne by the applicants). Another alternative is to provide for a deferred system (which exists in many countries), whereby a special request for examination needs to be made by the applicant during a certain period (UNCTAD 1996). The rationale for this system is that some inventors may decide to abandon the application, thus reducing the number of applications to be examined by the patent office. Yet another option for keeping the costs of running the patent system down, as is the case in South Africa, is to not require any patent examinations and let the patent holders defend their patents in court. 5.1 FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED Administrative costs are likely to increase with the implementation of the IPR framework. But these should be viewed in light of the costs of alternatives. Thus, an important question that policy makers need to address is whether the costs of setting up a patent or a PVP system are large relative to the cost of strengthening public sector research and development in agriculture? Intellectual property protection provides greater benefits than costs in the advancement of science, technology, and economic performance. However, the benefits of intellectual property protection often accrue in the future, thereby making the near-term costs seem large. The protection benefits both private and the public sectors and it is the allocation of the return, which is determined by public policy. Yet another factor that policy makers need to consider in establishing an IP system is the cost of protection to the innovators as well. The standard system of patenting would be inaccessible for many small entrepreneurs and grassroots innovators due to limited resources and their risk-averse nature. National governments may have to think about establishing innovative low cost system like Petty Patents that can ensure protection for shorter time at lower cost (Gupta 1999).12 Petty patent will help small entrepreneurs to explore the commercial application of their invention in a given (shorter) time. Later they can choose to go for regular patent or else their petty patent expires and their invention becomes part of regular prior art. Some recommendations on how developing countries can reduce the cost of implementing  IPR: Developing countries need to be given a greater sense of ownership and involvement in the IPR system. Many  see TRIPs as primarily a mechanism for shifting profits to creative interests in rich countries. Thus it is important for developed countries and multilateral organizations to provide adequate technical and financial assistance for implementation of the new standards in developing nations, to remove impediments to future technology flows, and to meet and extend their own commitments to liberalize market access for products of interest to poorer countries (notably apparel and agriculture). Assistance should aim to develop rights and opportunities suitable to the needs of entrepreneurs, inventors, and artists in poor economies. Analysis is also needed of potential mechanisms for securing the rights of developing countries to export interests of their own such as geographical indications, traditional knowledge, and genetic resources. Sensible methods need to be found for balancing rights of patent holders in pharmaceuticals against users needs for product availability at reasonable cost. Evidence  in the book points to potentially large increases in drug prices in developing countries as patents are implemented. Governments should work to offset these impacts by using innovative procurement programs. In particular, development and transfer of treatments and vaccines for diseases in the poorest countries should be expanded via public-private partnerships. WTO members should not rush to expand multilateral protection in controversial areas until we know more about how new systems function. Requiring  broad scope for biotechnology patents, and extending them to plant and animal varieties, could damage the interests of lagging countries in return for little gain in innovation. Many countries need to adopt or strengthen systems of plant breeders rights and it would be premature to req

Truman Doctrine :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All things in history have a place and time. In fact we are history. Had it not been for the previous events in world history, our existence could have been questionable. What would have happened if Hitler did take over the world? Would we be alive today? What if the cold war turned hot at some point? All these doubts tend to help an individual realize that everything in world history happens for a specific reason and therefore everything has its own time and place. One significant event in United States history had been the Vietnam War. However, the Vietnam War that I speak of didnà ─≥t last from the mid 1960à ─≥s to early 1970à ─≥s. Rather, the events that had lead up to the proceedings of the situation in Vietnam began on March 12, 1947 with the creation of the Truman Doctrine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proceeding World War II, the threat of communism had been particularly high. In fact, the US feared the spread of communism within many undeveloped regions throughout the world. Therefore, within the Truman Doctrine incorporated the policy of containment. The policy guaranteed immediate aid to Greece in Turkey, which had been in danger of falling under communistic influences. Within such, the policy stated they would provide military and economic help to a country that was underdeveloped and being endangered. In reality, the policy was designed to secure countries that would easily fall to a communistic regime. President Truman had established this to create a sense of security not for the US, but the world as a whole. Truman believed that Russia was out to spread the sphere of influence in the east. In return, the US had been there to prevent such occurrences. Each country battled for its own beliefs. The policy of containment could be argued to be an initial yet distant spark for a happening in Vietnam. Nonetheless, President Truman left his imposing mark on the world history with his Doctrine and policy. Many still continue to argue that all post 1945 US Foreign Policies were in some way or shape related to the tactics of containment. In 1954, the Presidential tide was turned and the US was fresh out of a 3-year war campaign in Korea. The threat of communism had been rather high. The fear that life in the US might never be the same hit the hearts of many Americans. No American was prepared to give up their rights that had been fought for so hard in not one, but two devastating World Wars.

Mgt Group Case Study Report

Case Study Report Dunkin Donuts : Betting Dollars on Donuts ————————————————- Submitted By ————————————————- Group Members: ————————————————- Acknowledgement Firstly, we thank almighty Allah for successful completion of the project. We are really grateful to course instructor Professor Abdur Rab, Faculty of BBA Program, North South University for all kinds of informative information and valuable advice. We are also very grateful to the group members who helped in preparing this project.Executive Summary Dunkin' Donuts is a business in food retail. They are the world's largest coffee and baked goods chain. Dunkin’ Donuts have been in business since 1950 and have been franchising since 1955. This franchise serves more than 2 million customers a day. Dunkin' Donuts sells  52 varieties of donuts and more than a dozen coffee beverages as well as bagels, breakfast sandwiches and other baked goods. It is important to look at consumer usage and future trends before entering into the market. Dunkin Donuts is part of the snack shop market.The snack shop market had almost 10 billion is sales worldwide in 2003 alone. Snack shops have an advantage because they are popular among all consumer groups. Dunkin’ Donuts has retained a consistent database of customers, while also gaining additional consumers through the progression of time and emergence of newer markets. The report discusses task environment that Dunkin’ Donut operates in. It describes the competitive environment and its customer base. The company follows different competition strategies and has goals to achieve through them.We also discuss the external environme nt of the company which includes the socio-cultural environment and the global environment. The environmental effects of Dunkin’ Donuts is also discussed. We describe the degree of change and complexity and the effects of competitive rivalry. Lastly, we analyze the Porter’s Five Forces in terms of the industry Dunkin’ Donuts operates in. Table of Contents ————————————————- Contents Page Number ) History 6 2) Dunkin’ Donuts, At-A-Glance 6 3) Mission Statement 7 4) Product 7 5) Coffee Leadership 8 6) Strategic Growth 9 7) Culinary Excellence 10 8) Dunkin’ Donut (DD) SMART 11 9) Task Environment 13 10) Consumers 14 11) General Environment 14 12) Environmental Effects 15 13) Competitive Rivalry 16 HistoryDunkin’ Donuts was begun in 1050 by William Rosenberg with a single shop in Quincy, Massachusetts. In 1946, he founded Industr ial Luncheon Services, a company that delivered meals and snacks to workers in the Boston area. The success of Industrial Lucheon Services convinced Rosenberg to start the Open Kettle, a doughnut shop in Quincy, Massachusetts. Two years later Open Kettle changed its name to Dunkin’ Donuts. He began franchising additional outlets in 1955, and by 1979 there were a thousand Dunkin; Donuts outlets in the Northeast. Through a series of transactions in the 1980s and 1990s, Dunkin’ Donuts became the quick service restaurant operation of the British firm, Allied Domecq PLC.In 2002, as Allied Domecq looked for growth opportunities, it’s Dunkin; Donuts (DD) business was described as a â€Å"sleeping giant† as much for its fiercely loyal clientele as its $2. 8 billion in sales and more than 3,800 U. S outlets. Dunkin’ Donuts, At-A-Glance ? Dunkin‘ Donuts is owned by Dunkin' Brands Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: DNKN), one of the world's leading franchisors of qui ck service restaurants. Dunkin‘ Brands is the parent company of both Dunkin‘ Donuts and Baskin-Robbins. ? Dunkin' Brands Group, Inc. is headquartered in Canton, Massachusetts. ? At the end of 2011, Dunkin‘ Brands Group, Inc. had franchisee-reported sales of approximately $8. billion. ? Dunkin‘ Brands, the parent company of Dunkin‘ Donuts and Baskin-Robbins is one of the largest QSR (Quick Service Restaurant) companies in the world with nearly 7,000 retail shops in nearly 60 countries worldwide. ? Dunkin‘ Brands Group, Inc. has a nearly 100 percent franchised model. ? There are more than 10,000 Dunkin’ Donuts restaurants in 32 countries. Mission Statement â€Å"Dunkin’ Donuts will strive to be the dominant retailer of high quality donuts, bakery products and beverages in each metropolitan market in which we choose to compete. † Products Dunkin Donut serves the following items : 1) Donuts 2) Fritters 3) Crullers 4) Biscuits ) Mu nchkins 6) Bagels 7) Muffins 8) Danish pastry 9) Cookies 10) Brownies 11) Bagel Twists 12) Breakfast sandwiches 13) Hash browns 14) Oven toasted items 15) Coffee beverages 16) Bulk Coffee 17) Espresso, Cappuccino, and Lattes 18) Iced Coffee 19) Iced Lattes 20) Latte Lite Espresso 21) Turbo Coffee Leadership Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ coffee heritage goes back more than 60 years – something no other leading restaurant brand can match. ? Dunkin‘ Donuts sells more than 1. 5 billion cups of hot and iced coffee globally every year. ? According to the NPD Group / CREST, Dunkin‘ Donuts serves the hottest traditional and iced coffee in America. In the highly competitive U. S. coffee market, Dunkin‘ Donuts is distinguished for brewing a superior guest experience. For six years running, Dunkin' Donuts has been recognized by the Brand Keys Customer Loyalty Engagement Index as number one in customer loyalty in the coffee category. ? Dunkin‘ Donuts coffee is fresh ly ground, freshly brewed and freshly served. If not used within 18 minutes, Dunkin‘ Donuts coffee is discarded and a new carafe is freshly brewed. ? Like creating a fine wine, there are countless step involved in producing coffee, and Dunkin‘ Donuts coffee experts travel around the globe to ensure consistent quality at each turn.Dunkin' Donuts uses 100 percent Arabica coffee beans and has its own coffee specifications, which are recognized by the industry as a superior grade of coffee. Based on Dunkin' Donuts Quality (DDQ) specifications, coffee is milled and processed specifically for the company. ? Dunkin‘ Donuts Dunkin‘ Donuts is the #1 retailer of freshly-brewed iced coffee. Each Dunkin‘ Donuts restaurant double brews the coffee before pouring it into cooling units to make sure its iced coffee is always full of flavor and never watered down. ? Dunkin' Donuts' lattes and cappuccinos are authentic – made with only Fair Trade Certifiedâ„ ¢ c offee beans blended for espresso and fresh milk – and available in regular or decaffeinated, hot or iced. The beans are ground and the milk is steamed for each individual serving.Dunkin' Donuts was the first national brand to sell espresso beverages that are made exclusively with Fair Trade Certified coffee. ? Dunkin‘ Donuts now offers Dunkin‘ Donuts K-Cup portion packs, making ? America‘s Favorite Coffee? available for use with the Keurig Single-Cup Brewing system. Sold exclusively at participating Dunkin‘ Donuts restaurants in the United States, Dunkin‘ K-Cup portion packs are offered in five popular flavors, including Original Blend, Dunkin‘ Decaf, French Vanilla, Hazelnut and Dunkin‘ Dark Roast. ? Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ coffee excellence team features two of the world‘s foremost experts on coffee, Jim Cleaves and Ellen Rogers.Both are dedicated to finding the world‘s best coffee and brewing the perfect cup. Jim is a licensed Q Grader, having passed the world‘s most rigorous coffee evaluations skills testing program, while Ellen is an International Coffee Expert in coffee tasting and analysis and a Coffee Quality Institute Board Trustee. They each travel regularly throughout the world, tasting as many as 600 cups of coffee each day in order to choose the highest quality coffee beans for Dunkin‘ Donuts. Strategic Growth From the beginnings as a single restaurant in Quincy, Massachusetts, Dunkin‘ Donuts is now a global brand with more than 10,000 locations in 32 countries.The growth is testimony to the fact that people everywhere appreciate what Dunkin‘ Donuts offers: high quality food and beverages served all day in a friendly, fast environment at a great value. In the United States, Dunkin‘ Donuts has maintained steady, strategic and disciplined growth, opening new restaurants in our core markets in the Northeast and in cities all throughout MidAtlantic, Southern and Midwestern states. We now have more than 7,000 restaurants in 36 states and the District of Columbia. From Boston to Buffalo, New York to New Orleans, Philadelphia to Florida, Chicago to Charlotte, Dunkin‘ Donuts is an important part of daily life for millions of Americans.And while Dunkin‘ Donuts has nationwide brand recognition, we believe we have significant opportunity to expand our number of restaurants in the United States as well as around the world. We believe we can double our footprint in the U. S. to 15,000 Dunkin‘ Donuts restaurants over the next 20 years. And it‘s not just America running on Dunkin‘ – Dunkin‘ Donuts has a strong presence internationally, with more than 3,000 Dunkin' Donuts locations in 31 international countries across four continents. The company maintains steady global expansion, opening new restaurants in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin and South America. Asia-Pacific is a particularly exciting area for growth.Dunkin‘ Donuts has already opened more than 88 locations in Greater China since launching there in 2007, and has nearly 900 shops in South Korea. In 2010, the brand re-entered Russia with new restaurants in Moscow, and in 2011 we announced plans to open 500 Dunkin‘ Donuts restaurants in India. In 2012, the first Dunkin‘ Donuts restaurants were opened in India and Guatemala. Culinary Excellence Dunkin‘ Donuts is committed to providing guests with the best-tasting, high-quality food and beverages. To meet that commitment, we assembled a culinary dream team of acclaimed chefs to create new and innovative menu choices to meet the evolving needs of Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ busy, on-the-go customers, raising expectations about what is possible in a quick service meal.As people find themselves busier than ever, and are snacking more frequently throughout the day, Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ culinary team is meeting guests‘ changing eating h abits and expectations for fast, satisfying menu items that can be enjoyed any time of day. In addition to the brand‘s famous coffees, lattes, donuts, bagels and muffins, Dunkin‘ Donuts has delicious breakfast sandwiches — available all day — with several choices featuring breakfast favorites such as smoked cherry wood bacon, egg whites, freshly baked croissants and toasted English muffins. Dunkin‘ Donuts has also introduced new oven-toasted bakery sandwiches, in several varieties including Texas Toast Grilled Cheese, Chicken Salad and Tuna Salad. Dunkin‘ Donuts also continues to offer a full lineup of innovative snacks and beverages, including Bagel Twists, Coolatta slush drinks, hash browns, cookies and more.Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ culinary team also directed the introduction of the brand‘s DDSMART line of better-for-you menu items. DDSMART includes many delicious food and beverages with fewer than 300 calories, such as Egg White Fla tbread Sandwiches and Wake-up Wraps, coffee and espresso beverages, teas and a Coolatta with skim milk. Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ team of skilled culinarians is led by Executive Chef and Vice President of Product Innovation Stan Frankenthaler. Frankenthaler is a three-time James Beard Award nominee and author of The New York Times best-seller, The Occidental Tourist. Before joining Dunkin‘ Brands, he was owner and chef of Salamander restaurant in Boston, named by Zagat‘s as one of the city‘s â€Å"Top Ten Restaurants. Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ culinary team also includes Executive Pastry Chef Christopher Boos, who represented the United States in the Coupe du Monde de la Patisserie (the World Pastry Cup), and Sous Chef Phillip Kafka, former commis chef at Harrods in London. Dunkin‘ Donuts‘ team also features two of the world‘s foremost experts on coffee, Jim Cleaves and Ellen Rogers. Jim is a licensed Q Grader, having passed the world‘s most rigorous coffee evaluations skills testing program, while Ellen is an International Coffee Expert in coffee tasting and analysis and a Coffee Quality Institute Board Trustee. Together, they are responsible for developing and introducing new coffee beverages and blends. Dunkin’ Donut (DD) SMARTEating smart when on the go can be hard. But the DDSMART menu from Dunkin‘ Donuts makes it easy. The selection of ‘better-for-you’ foods and beverages ensures our restaurants offer great-tasting choices that fit your lifestyle and meet your dietary wants and needs. Food and beverages with the DDSMART Logo are reduced in calories, fat, saturated fat, sugar or sodium by at least 25% compared to a base product or other appropriate reference product, and/or contain ingredients that are nutritionally beneficial. Corporate Promise We're committed to offering a wide selection of foods and beverages so you can enjoy what's right for you. Nutritional Advisory BoardThe Dun kin’ Brands Nutrition Advisory Board, comprised of leading experts on nutrition, health and wellness, will assist Dunkin’ Brands’ management with research and perspective to aid in the development and reformulation of products that meet the evolving needs of customers while incorporating current nutritional science. DDSMART (0-5K) Making smart choices about what you eat is one way to stay on track. Another is keeping active. Run your first 5K or train for your next! Task Environment Competitors: Dunkin Donuts mainly competes with high end coffee providers like Starbucks. Starbucks is a major competitor of Dunkin’ Donuts which creates competition in the area of upscale coffee.However DD can still compete in the coffee industry with its simple drip coffees – regular and decaf. Also, having its focus on donuts and other baked goods it also competes with the likes of Krispy Kreme. Competition Strategy In order to remain competitive in the industry Dunk in’ Donuts follows a competition strategy. This is what we depicted: * Expanding Outlets- It is a goal of DD to be as outreaching as possible to its customers. Therefore it does so by expanding its number of outlets throughout America and beyond its borders as well. Dunkin’ Donuts has its densest cluster in the Northeastern region of the country and is now having a growing presence in the rest of the country.Moreover it is also creating a brand image in other countries though opening outlets there. Example countries are Canada, Brazil, Qatar, South Korea, Pakistan and the Philippines. As a part of its strategy the company plans to expand aggressively. It has a goal of expanding to 15000 outlets by the year 2020. This goal is further achievable as the company has a franchise system – this makes the acquisition of capital and operator smoother. It is noteworthy however that the company wants to limit its expansion to not being too omnipresent. It is also partnerin g with large supermarkets to achieve widespread market prominence. This is done to create a store-witihin a store concept.The supermarket has to be large enough to allow DD full expression of its brand. This is important for enhancing overall performance of the strategic allies. * Expanding Products- Dunkin’ Donuts also sees an opportunity of grabbing a new base of customers. The company recognizes the new generation and is trying to come up with products that appeal to their taste. As a result of such, the company has expanded its range of products to several types of hot and cold beverages, baked goods and confectionery items other than donuts and the new breakfast to go menu. Along with that, Dunkin Donut maintains its simple and straight-forward morning snacks. This gives it a competitive edge of distinction against its competitiors.This may enable Dunkin’ Donuts to persist in the competitive industry with newer dimensions. Consumers The type of customers Dunkin Do nuts has also affects its operation nature. Based on its competition strategy it has the following goals to achieve: * The main goal of expanding outlets – Dunkin’ Donuts wants to have greater outreach to its customer through the expansion of more outlets in various parts of the country. The company aims that in future its customers do not have to go far to pick up a box of doughnuts. Moreover, it wants to boost up its brand image to its customers and the best way to do it is to make the brand name more apparent in more regions. Goal of expanding products – Dunkin’ Donuts also tries to cater to the needs of the new generation and its taste appeals. It does so by creating the new range of products, namely the breakfast-to-go menu. General Environment International/Global environment – The brand Dunkin Donuts does not have the chain in America only, but also managed to curve out international niches. It is not only expected markets such as Canada and Brazil but also in some unexpected areas like Qatar, South Korea, Pakistan, Philippines. This has various implications for Dunkin Donuts. For instance: diversifying risk, entry into newer markets, larger customer base and so on.Socio-Culture – Due to the change in people living style, Dunkin tried to help people find their product in the reach of the customer. Dunkin Donuts also caters to the change in demographic characters through their new range of products. Therefore socio-cultural norms and consumer tastes affect it’s the products made by Dunkin’ donuts. Environmental Effects Degree of Change and Complexity: * Degree of Change-This is the extent to which the environment is relatively stable or dynamic. Dunkin’ Donuts has a relatively stable environment. It has a consistent base of consumers. It serves the masses with coffee-the most popular beverage globally. Moreover it has a limited product line. That is, it produces a relatively small number of p roducts.However, the company is likely to be in a dynamic environment as well. As a result of carrying out its plan of expansion, Dunkin’ Donut has undertaken the production of more food items and diversifying its area of production. This introduces dynamic changes to its operation style. Moreover, the company is also aggressively expanding its outlets-which mean that it is extending its capacity of production significantly. * Degree of Homogeneity-It the extent to which the environment is relatively simple or relatively complex. It considers the number of elements in the environment and segmentation. Dunkin’ Donuts operates in a relatively simple environment.It has a consistent base of competitors, and a consistent base of customers. It also has a stable network of suppliers. Hence the number of elements in its task environment is fairly constant and few. It could be argued otherwise that the company operates in a fairly complex environment. With its expansion into di fferent states in America, Dunkin’ Donuts has to operate with a larger base of operators. Other than that, entering international markets also mean that the company has to compete with foreign forces and face foreign governments. Overall, given the industry that Dunkin’ Donuts operates in it is likely to face a low level of uncertainty.This is because it operates in a stable and simple environment. On the contrary, given the probable impact of its expansion plan it faces a moderate level of uncertainty – if consumers do not indulge in the company’s newer items Dunkin’ Donuts is likely to have a ‘diluted brand image’. Risk in Expansion Strategy Franchising Dunkin Donut has devised many strategies to make more turnover out of the business running on a daily basis. One method to expand into diverse business environment is to franchise, something that is easy since Dunkin Donut is already a franchise system making access to operators and c apital easier. Franchising more means expanding to a more diverse business environment.This brings in the factor of complexity which increases its degree of homogeneity such as in terms of globalization. Globalization is one factor that has to be considered since it is a necessity to diversify the organization into the attainable business environment. Also executives tend to focus too much on franchising new stores. However money invested on establishing these new franchises could have been otherwise invested into their current stores. Moreover the older store, being set up on a particular geographical area will tend to have a broader experience handling the economic and socio-cultural environment of the area it has been set up on.So resources, time and energy input on the older stores renovating, expanding and restocking would make it a more formidable asset to Dunkin Donuts as opposed to establishing a whole new franchise itself which is essentially playing a key role in expansion . Wider range of food variety Expansion would also require that Dunkin Donuts change its food menu, a factor of Dynamic, implicating a degree of change. Dunkin Donuts has maintained its image of simplicity in the products it offers-drip coffee and donuts Unlike many other companies, Dunkin Donuts have stayed on its ground in maintaining their simplicity in the food it offers and on the process has earned customer loyalty of diverse groups.Thus a degree of change imposes a risk of diluted brand appeal since Dunkin Donuts will face a risk of losing its customer who values the authenticity and simplicity of Dunkin Donuts. There is also a probable occurrence of loss of respect among its original consumer groups, resulting in lower sales and turnover. In short, expansion leads to uncertainty, which in turn might lead to a diluted image of Dunkin Donuts Competitive Rivalry Due to the increase of competition, Dunkin Donuts is increasing their number of outlets in various locations. Moreove r, they are also increasing their item in the food menu in order attract all sorts of customer and to compete effectively with its competitors . 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Diet Pills and Women

How would you like to lose 10 pounds in one week? These words ring out through the media, newspapers, magazines, commercials, and many other advertisements that we are inundated in our society today. A model walks down the runway with her collar bones protruding, flat stomach, and protruding pelvic bones. When she weighs in, and is one pound over the expected weight, starves herself, or takes diet pills to shed the excess weight. The same pertains to young females. The desire to be thin at any cost causes physical, mental, and emotional problems. This is a lack of self-worth. It is easier to swallow a diet pill which involves no will power. Finding a diet that is right for them is not an option. They want a quick fix. Nutritionists and scientists have debated over these issues for years. Scientists have the belief that diet pills will take the weight off not acknowledging where the dangers lye. Whereas nutritionists believe that cutting out the â€Å"bad† carbohydrates and eating from the five food groups will help with healthy weight loss as opposed to taking diet pills. Eating â€Å"good† carbohydrates will make a difference in one’s weight loss. Many Doctors readily prescribe diet pills without caring about the dangerous effects they have for the person taking them. Women want to be thin, so the doctor helps them to achieve their goal. This is the mentality of many doctors; it is also for some women. Some diet pills whether prescribed or otherwise can have dangerous side effects. Most women who are desperate to lose weight do not care about the side effects, only about the weight loss. The danger of taking diet pills is that many cause emotional and physical dependence. Diet pills can also interfere with one’s metabolism. Diet pills suppress the appetite, which causes one to take in fewer calories. While taking in fewer calories, the metabolism also slows down and causes fat to store in the body. Diet pills are also associated with many health conditions such as: increased heart rate, high blood pressure, dizziness, possibility of seizures and or strokes. Even though, it is suggested to consult your doctor, many women do not care because they are desperate to lose the weight quickly. Becoming thin is the goal for the women who take the pills, they may not consult their doctor in fear that the doctor may not agree with their decision to take the diet pills. If prescribed diet pills are taken, it can help start a diet along with a healthy eating program, but too many women are not interested in doing this. They prefer to let the diet pill do the work and therefore starving themselves and their bodies. Some people do not have self- discipline to implement an eating program along with the diet pills. For example, Alli is an orilstat which when taken remains in the stomach. It does not affect the heart. When one eats any foods with fat, the Alli causes 25% of the fat to be eliminated from the body. Alli does not suppress one’s appetite. Some women want a â€Å"quick fix† when taking diet pills. However, with Alli the idea is to implement a healthy eating regiment when taking it with each meal. When Alli is taken on an empty stomach, does nothing. It must be taken with meals and is effective in helping with weight loss, as it reduces fat absorption in and requires a cut down on fat intake (around 15 grams). The only unpleasant side effects are oily discharge, loose stools and an immediate urge to have a bowel movement. This particular diet pill, Alli, is not an at risk diet pill like many of the others. It does not suppress the appetite, nor cause heart palpitations. It may take up to one year to lose the weight desired, where as taking another type of diet pill that appeases the appetite will cause a person to lose five to ten pounds in a week. However, it states that you must take a vitamin in the evening because minerals are depleted from the body. There are many people who have taken diet pills have died. There is a health risk with diet pills and should always be carefully assessed before taking them. If an individual chooses to take diet pills, doctors suggest following a healthy plan and exercising. In most cases, women, teens and young adults, do not want to take the time, but would rather pop a pill and lose weight quickly, and do not consider the ramifications in their haste. The way we look plays a big role in our lives. It determines the way that others see us and from that, it will determine how we feel about ourselves. The major issue here is our weight. We constantly see images of sexy women which remains in our minds that this is the way to look in order to be beautiful, and because of this, we subject ourselves to abusing our health and bodies just so we can look like the sexy women the media shows and we hear about constantly. Skinny is beautiful. Or at least this is what is on billboards, in magazines, and television, as most women idealize becoming thin. There are many ways to lose weight, but taking diet pills is less of an effort and more convenient a quick fix. This is what the media tells us, lose weight fast! No need to exercise. Many people think that diet pills are safe and effective, but the truth is they are not. In many cases people have died for the simple reason of wanting to lose weight fast because diet pills stimulate the nervous system, can be addictive, and can lead to abuse. The Food and Drug Administration issued a proposal that manufacturers of the diet pills include a warning to the customers about the dangers of their use. The doctor that prescribes diet pills for the safety of an individual, who is obese, also makes certain this person follows a program of exercise and healthy eating. Many doctors who dispense diet pills are careful. But, there are many who have diet clinics where all an individual needs to do is pay a fee and obtain their diet pills without a follow up. The women who are eager to lose weight quickly are in danger of hurting their bodies, especially the young females who do not research and do not care. They are only concerned with being thin and fast weight loss results. With the media screaming to the women, teens, and young adults that the only way to look beautiful is to be thin, will not hinder a woman to lose weight fast, look beautiful at any cost. The cost may result in death.

Descartes Essays

Descartes Essays Descartes Essay Descartes Essay None of the proposed philosophical theories is exact. non even a combination of two or more theories ( Sayre. 2011 ) . However. Descartes has alone manner of metaphysical statement refering being of God. Descartes’ Discourse on the Method ( Part IV ) ends surprisingly with a claim of God’s being. which can be deduced from the interrelatedness between head. psyche and our being. Descartes began the 4th subdivision by discoursing about himself. The reading up to the point where he gives recognition to a supreme being. God. could merely propose that Descartes was discoursing about his philosophical idea about his being as a adult male. However. the discourse turn came when he inferred. something so holding every flawlessness of which I could hold any thought. that is- to explain myself in one word- by God ( Bennett. 2007. p. 16 ) . After this illation. the discourse changed to one that discussed the being of God. It was at this point that it became clear that the stoping would be more of God’s being instead than a decision of Descartes as a human being. The alteration of discourse from geographic expedition of ego to a cogent evidence of God’s being through personal rating was so an clever idea. Most of the times we try to turn out being of God or miss thereof by measuring what are outside us. However. Descartes made a self-evaluation on intrinsic values of himself as a human being. By deconstructing his strengths and restrictions. he was able to recognize a just decision about the being of a supreme being. which we refer to as God. Therefore. the stoping was different but offered a concise decision on God’s being despite get downing on a different discourse. Mentions Bennett. J. ( 2007 ) . Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting one’s Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. earlymoderntexts. com/pdf/descdisc. pdf Sayre. H. ( 2011 ) . The Humanities Culture. Continuity. and Change: New York: Pearson College Div.

The moral and ethical Issues of Recombinant DNA Essays

The moral and ethical Issues of Recombinant DNA Essays The moral and ethical Issues of Recombinant DNA Paper The moral and ethical Issues of Recombinant DNA Paper Recombinant DNA is a modern technology involving the combination of DNA from one organism with the DNA of another. This often involves inserting human DNA into the DNA of another organism. When these genetically engineered organisms are cultured, they produce a human protein. Recombinant DNA gives scientists far greater control over genetic manipulation For example, recombinant DNA techniques have now been used to create bacterial strains that produce human insulin in large amounts, and this insulin has been used clinically with no reported adverse effects. Other successes of this technique are human interferon (a protein important to the bodys defence system) and human growth hormones. Recombinant DNA has been a leap which is contributing towards genetically engineered micro organisms, modified plants and animals, cloning, human gene therapy (correcting a genetic disorder) and mapping human chromosomes. Scientists can essentially extract, edit and replace the very building blocks of life on earth with our modern technology. The benefits of recombinant DNA are very prominent however there is a huge moral and ethical debate which has been occurring for decades concerning the morality of this advancement. In this essay I will present and discuss the positive and negative arguments regarding the technology and try to give a clear understanding of the issues at hand. Firstly, I will tell you of all the extraordinary applications recombinant DNA technology has to offer. Humans who have disorders are often in need of proteins, for example Diabetics require insulin injections to help control their glucose level. Insulin is not easy to create, and here recombinant DNA can be very beneficial. Human genes can be inserted into bacteria, which are then grown in fermenters; these treated bacteria then produce a human protein. Large amounts of insulin and human growth hormones can be produces cheaply on this way. This can help improve the lifestyles of many sufferers, cheaply and effectively. Plants also can be treated in a similar way. Desirable genes can be transferred from an organism to a crop plant. These can bring about useful changes in the crops, for example potato plants that are resistant to attack by a virus and maize (corn) plants that are resistant to drought have been produced in this way. This has a huge effect on agriculture and has allowed us to grow crops in conditions not usually suitable. Many other proteins useful for humans can also be produced by genetically modifying animals. Human proteins, such as haemoglobin and blood-clotting factors, are already being produced in the milk of transgenic cows, goats and sheep. Recombinant DNA has been used applied to human gene therapy. This involves inserting a normal gene into an organisms body to correct a genetic disorder. Take SCID, Severe combined immune deficiency leaves some people with almost no functioning immune system. Human gene therapy can be used to cure symptoms of SCID by inserting copies of a gene coding for the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) into the blood cells of sufferers. The whole advent of changing our genes has proved a to be marvel in modern medicine. Gene therapy is getting bigger and bigger. As more and more research goes into recombinant DNA, the more successful treatments we can make. The Human Genome Project includes scientists in over 1000 laboratories around the world contributing towards mapping every human chromosome, identifying the precise location of every gene. With this tool, developing new gene therapy treatments will become a far easier task. Recombinant DNA, despite all its wonders has many negative arguments. Over the past few years there have been a number of demonstrations about the growth of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). There have also been many newspaper articles debating the use of GMOs. Many emotional concerns come into thought with the idea that we are essentially being cannibals when we eat an animal which has human DNA inserted into it. Although these are merely the general publics thoughts, they can put people off the whole idea of GMOs. A great degree of rational concerns about recombinant DNA also exist. Firstly when scientists insert human genes into bacteria or viruses there is a high risk of these transgenic organisms mutating and actually forming new pathogens. The scare is that we would not be able to treat or handle these new pathogens, resulting in new illness. What we are essentially treating to make substances (e. g. insulin) or our less fortunate could end up being the cause of many more illnesses. There is a huge debate as to whether we are being safe in experimenting with these organisms. Another ethical concern is regarding our crops. The benefits are out genetically modified crops are notorious, however if the pollen or seeds from these crops were carried away from the testing plots, there is a high chance of genetically modified populations growing elsewhere. It is a known fact that genetic modification could invoke a resistance to herbicides, meaning these crops could grow out of control, (often described a superweeds) and spread indefinably. The thought of this is a growing concern as more and more foods are becoming genetically engineered. Some crop plants that we engineer have been given a gene enabling them to produce pesticides. With the natural selection of nature, this may increase the rate of evolution of pesticide-resistant insects. These insects, once evolved could then harm our environment to a degree where food supplies start to run low, causing havoc. Although this isnt proven, in modern science it is possible, meaning this may a problem soon to be taken into consideration. The food chain is almost essential for our ecosystem to operate correctly, and important to the human race for our food. Populations of transgenic organisms could upset the balance of nature. For example, populations of transgenic salmon have been produced in which the individual fish grow rapidly. These fish would have to compete with other species for food. The size difference could cause the transgenic salmon to dominate over the others and have all the food. This may cause the other species to become extinct and the natural food webs to change. This change could upset a once natural ecosystem. There is a huge religious debate regarding recombinant DNA, with each religion having its own objections to transgenic organisms. Christian beliefs say that God created us, us, the question arises: what right have we to change what he has made, just to suit our needs and test our new found abilities? Many religious followers think we are destroying Gods will, by interfering with nature. In the Bible it is said: God created man. With the recent advent of cloning, it seems we have ignored this and taken our technology forward to point where we forget about religion. Also, many religious groups could not use products from specific organisms, e. g. to Hindus, cows are sacred animals and to Jews and Muslims, pigs are unclean. With this in mind, the use of products from these organisms might be unacceptable to people from these religions. Eugenics is quite a big part of recombinant DNA. This is essentially where genes are inserted into humans (or their eggs or their sperm). This technique can be very useful in that it can prevent an early death (e. g. or people with SCID Severe Combined Immunodeficiency). However, it could be used to give people characteristics that are considered to be desirable by others. This whole idea is unacceptable by many people as it reminds people of the programmes that have been used throughout modern history to eradicate less power ethnic groups (ethnic cleansing- e. g. WWII Hitler). People are scared by the prospect that we must all have the same characteristics and loose our individuality. Another concern is how screening for genetic diseases could lead to discrimination against individuals. When a foetus is scanned for genetic disorders (e. . Downs syndrome), parents often face a dilemma about aborting an affected foetus. This is can to lots of emotional stress and demoralising decisions. Also, it will soon become possible to screen adults for genes that predispose them to genetic disorders. This might lead to insurance companies discriminating against people with these disorders, when thought they have perfect health. The advent of recombinant DNA has brought medicine, agriculture and our understanding of our genes to a new level. As you can see there are many debates as to whether we should continue with our experiments. In my opinion the benefits of this new technology outweigh the moral and ethical concerns. This technology is too promising and too effective to cease working on, because in the end it will do far more good than bad. As the technology progresses, it will become far safer to utilise recombinant DNA and all its advantages. If God has given us the ability to experiment with genes, why not use this ability? As long as we can keep it safe; minimising the risks of upsetting nature and proving to the people that it is a good thing by trying to calm any emotional concerns, this technology should prevail.

Solar Oven Written Report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Solar Oven Written - Lab Report Example Internal temperature of the oven cavity normally starts to rise as soon as it is placed in the sun and afterwards reach a constant value known as thermal equilibrium. Consequently, an important activity is to vary the input parameters for the solar oven project and to predict the maximum oven temperature which gives thermal equilibrium. To the developing world, solar oven is an appealing concept given the nature of the energy source. The popularity is attributed to the way energy is harnessed without involving in burning fuels because of it is a renewable source. it’s safe, smoke free which means its eco-friendly, and costs nothing. This makes solar even more reliable because it is plenty in nature and does not require long procedures for obtaining. At thermal equilibrium, basic thermodynamics states that the energy flowing into the oven must be equally balanced by the energy that flows out of the oven and that the power absorbed by the oven equals the power that leaves out of the oven (Sage, 237). This is as illustrated by the following: Goal is to write down equations for both Pout and Pabsorbed, as a function of the design and material properties of our actual oven. Setting these equations equal, we will be able to solve for the internal temperature of the oven in terms of all of these material properties. An equation that is more suitable for our solar oven includes two separate heat-loss terms: a term describing how much heat flows out of the sides and bottom of the oven, and a term that describes how much heat is lost out of the window In this case, a proper design is the use of reflectors, which can perform in increasing the internal temperature of the oven. The reflector increases the temperature through delivering more sunlight to the window and into the cavity of the oven. The significant design constraint considered for the design is that the used reflectors should have flat surfaces and not, in any way, curved surfaces. This is because curved

Government role in a market economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Government role in a market economy - Essay Example The need of the hour is to have a proper system in place which shall form the basis of immense success for the sake of the organization and hence the government of the land needs to play its quintessential role nonetheless. Moving ahead with the debate, how the government comes into the equation is an interesting debate. This is because the government is usually held responsible for all the actions and undertakings that are being taken on the national level, and thus the brunt is dropped on its head whenever there are serious issues that come to the surface (Rao, 1998). How the government copes with the pressure that is exerted upon it is something that must be understood within the related settings. Proper arrangements should be made to guarantee that these are followed by the organizations within the country, and that success comes about in full circle within the related aegis. The government must give subsidies, lower the taxes and provide relief in different forms – all of which should embody the basis of attaining harmony within a free market economy. ... hat the negativities with regards to the free market structures are taken care of, and if there still exist any further problems, the same are handled in an amicable way. This will resolve the ambiguities that exist within the related fore as well as take care of the free market economic realms in the long run. The government makes sure that the ant-trust laws are reinforced and thus the promulgation of the same would mean success for the sake of the organization in the long run. It would also mean that the government plays its significant part within the protecting of property rights for the free market economic domains and realizes its due role within making the market a freely accessible one. This highlights the proactive role of the government and how it would delve deep into building trust and credibility within its related regimes. The government provides a stable fiscal and monetary environment which shall bring a lot of respect for the government in the long range but what it will really do is to encourage the stakeholders to give in their best time and time again. The political stability is preserved if the government realizes its role towards building the free market scenarios which are indeed something that can go down well within the organizational and indeed the industrial concerns. The role of the free market economic stakeholders is directly dependent on how the government shapes up its own self. If the government realizes its responsibility towards building the economic undertakings, then this would that it is playing its part in a very proactive fashion. However, when this does not happen, there are bound to be serious irregularities. What is most important is to know that such measures would mean failure of the economic undertakings that exist within